TheGamblerisashortnovelbyFyodorDostoevskyaboutayoungtutornamedAlexeiIvanovichintheemploymentofaaRussianfamily.Thefirst-personnarrativeistoldfromthepointofviewofhim,heislivinginasuiteataGermanhotel.Thepatriarchofthefamily,TheGeneral,isindebtedtotheFrenchmandeGriersandhasmortgagedhispropertyinRussiatopayonlyasmallamountofhisdebt.Uponlearningoftheillnessofhiswealthyaunt,"Grandmother",hesendsstreamsoftelegramstoMoscowandawaitsthenewsofherdemise.HisexpectedinheritancewillpayhisdebtsandgainMademoiselleBlanchedeCominges'shandinmarriage.Itisastunningpsychologicalportraitofayoungman'sexhilaratinganddestructiveaddiction,acompulsionthatDostoevsky–whooncegambledawayhisyoungwife'sweddingring–knewintimatelyfromhisownexperience.Inthedisastrousloveaffairsandgamblingadventuresofhischaracter,AlexeiIvanovich,DostoevskyexplorestheirresistibletemptationtolookintotheabyssofultimateriskthathebelievedwasanessentialpartoftheRussiannationalcharacter.Dostoevskycompletedthenovelunderastrictdeadlinetopayoffgamblingdebts.

TheDoubleisanovellawrittenbyFyodorDostoevsky.ItwasfirstpublishedonJanuary30,1846intheFatherlandNotes.ItwassubsequentlyrevisedandrepublishedbyDostoevskyin1866.TheDoublecentersonagovernmentclerkwhogoesmad.Itdealswiththeinternalpsychologicalstruggleofitsmaincharacter,YakovPetrovichGolyadkin,whorepeatedlyencounterssomeonewhoishisexactdoubleinappearancebutconfident,aggressive,andextroverted,characteristicsthatarethepolaroppositestothoseofthetoadying"pushover"protagonist.Themotifofthenovellaisadoppelg?nger(Russian"dvoynik"),knownthroughouttheworldinvariousguisessuchasthefetch.AseriesoffauxpasleadtoGolyadkin'sexpulsionfromthebirthdaypartyofhisofficemanager'sdaughter.Onhiswayhomethroughasnowstorm,heencountershisdouble,wholooksexactlylikehim.Atthestory'sconclusion,GolyadkinSr.beginstoseemanyreplicasofhimself,hasapsychoticbreak,andisdraggedofftoanasylumbyDoctorRutenspitz.

NotesfromUnderground(alsotranslatedinEnglishasNotesfromtheUndergroundorLettersfromtheUnderworldwhileNotesfromUndergroundisthemostliteraltranslation)isan1864novelbyFyodorDostoevsky,whoisaRussiannovelist,shortstorywriter,essayist,journalistandphilosopher.Itisconsideredbymanytobeoneoftheworld'sfirstexistentialistnovels.Itpresentsitselfasanexcerptfromtheramblingmemoirsofabitter,isolated,unnamednarrator(generallyreferredtobycriticsastheUndergroundMan)whoisaretiredcivilservantlivinginSt.Petersburg.Thefirstpartofthestoryistoldinmonologueform,ortheundergroundman'sdiary,andattacksemergingWesternphilosophy.Thesecondpartofthebookiscalled"AproposoftheWetSnow"anddescribescertaineventsthatappeartobedestroyingandsometimesrenewingtheundergroundman,whoactsasafirstperson,unreliablenarratorandanti-hero.

TheGamblerisashortnovelbyFyodorDostoevskyaboutayoungtutor,AlexeiIvanovich.Thefirst-personnarrativeistoldfromthepointofviewofhim.Thepatriarchofthefamily,TheGeneral,isindebtedtotheFrenchmandeGriersandhasmortgagedhispropertyinRussiatopayonlyasmallamountofhisdebt.Uponlearningoftheillnessofhiswealthyaunt,"Grandmother",hesendsstreamsoftelegramstoMoscowandawaitsthenewsofherdemise.HisexpectedinheritancewillpayhisdebtsandgainMademoiselleBlanchedeCominges'shandinmarriage.Itisastunningpsychologicalportraitofayoungman'sexhilaratinganddestructiveaddiction,acompulsionthatDostoevskyknewintimatelyfromhisownexperience.Inthedisastrousloveaffairsandgamblingadventuresofhischaracter,AlexeiIvanovich,DostoevskyexplorestheirresistibletemptationtolookintotheabyssofultimateriskthathebelievedwasanessentialpartoftheRussiannationalcharacter.TheGamblerwaswrittenunderthepressureofcrushingdebt.Dostoevskycompletedthenovelunderastrictdeadlinetopayoffgamblingdebts.

TheDoublewrittenbyFyodorDostoevskyisanovella.ItwasfirstpublishedonJanuary30,1846intheFatherlandNotes.ItwassubsequentlyrevisedandrepublishedbyDostoevskyin1866.TheDoublecentersonagovernmentclerkwhogoesmad.Itdealswiththeinternalpsychologicalstruggleofitsmaincharacter,YakovPetrovichGolyadkin,whorepeatedlyencounterssomeonewhoishisexactdoubleinappearancebutconfident,aggressive,andextroverted,characteristicsthatarethepolaroppositestothoseofthetoadying"pushover"protagonist.Themotifofthenovellaisadoppelg?nger(Russian"dvoynik"),knownthroughouttheworldinvariousguisessuchasthefetch.AseriesoffauxpasleadtoGolyadkin'sexpulsionfromthebirthdaypartyofhisofficemanager'sdaughter.Onhiswayhomethroughasnowstorm,heencountershisdouble,wholooksexactlylikehim.Atthestory'sconclusion,GolyadkinSr.beginstoseemanyreplicasofhimself,hasapsychoticbreak,andisdraggedofftoanasylumbyDoctorRutenspitz.

TheGamblerisashortnovelbyFyodorDostoevskyaboutayoungtutor,AlexeiIvanovichwhoisworkingforaRussianfamilylivinginasuiteataGermanhotel.Thefirst-personnarrativeistoldfromthepointofviewofhim.Thepatriarchofthefamily,TheGeneral,isindebtedtotheFrenchmandeGriersandhasmortgagedhispropertyinRussiatopayonlyasmallamountofhisdebt.Uponlearningoftheillnessofhiswealthyaunt,"Grandmother",hesendsstreamsoftelegramstoMoscowandawaitsthenewsofherdemise.HisexpectedinheritancewillpayhisdebtsandgainMademoiselleBlanchedeCominges'shandinmarriage.Itisastunningpsychologicalportraitofayoungman'sexhilaratinganddestructiveaddiction,acompulsionthatDostoevsky–whooncegambledawayhisyoungwife'sweddingring–knewintimatelyfromhisownexperience.Inthedisastrousloveaffairsandgamblingadventuresofhischaracter,AlexeiIvanovich,DostoevskyexplorestheirresistibletemptationtolookintotheabyssofultimateriskthathebelievedwasanessentialpartoftheRussiannationalcharacter.Dostoevskycompletedthenovelunderastrictdeadlinetopayoffgamblingdebts.

PoorFolkisthefirstnovelbyFyodorDostoyevsky,writtenoverthespanofninemonthsbetween1844and1845.InspiredbytheworksofGogol,Pushkin,andKaramzin,aswellasEnglishandFrenchauthors,PoorFolkiswrittenintheformoflettersbetweenthetwomaincharacters,MakarDevushkinandVarvaraDobroselova,whoarepoorsecondcousins.Thenovelshowcasesthelifeofpoorpeople,theirrelationshipwithrichpeople,andpovertyingeneral,allcommonthemesofliterarynaturalism.AdeepbutoddfriendshipdevelopsbetweenthemuntilDobroselovalosesherinterestinliterature,andlaterincommunicatingwithDevushkinafterarichwidowerMr.Bykovproposestoher.Devushkin,aprototypeoftheclerkfoundinmanyworksofnaturalisticliteratureatthattime,retainshissentimentalcharacteristics;Dobroselovaabandonsart,whileDevushkincannotlivewithoutliterature.

PoorFolkisthefirstnovelbyFyodorDostoyevsky,writtenoverthespanofninemonthsbetween1844and1845.InspiredbytheworksofGogol,Pushkin,andKaramzin,aswellasEnglishandFrenchauthors,PoorFolkiswrittenintheformoflettersbetweenthetwomaincharacters,MakarDevushkinandVarvaraDobroselova,whoarepoorsecondcousins.Thenovelshowcasesthelifeofpoorpeople,theirrelationshipwithrichpeople,andpovertyingeneral,allcommonthemesofliterarynaturalism.AdeepbutoddfriendshipdevelopsbetweenthemuntilDobroselovalosesherinterestinliterature,andlaterincommunicatingwithDevushkinafterarichwidowerMr.Bykovproposestoher.WhileVissarionBelinskydubbedthenovelRussia'sfirst"socialnovel"andAlexanderHerzencalleditamajorsocialistwork,othercriticsdetectedparodyandsatire.

PoorFolkwaswrittenoverthespanofninemonthsbetween1844and1845,thefirstnovelbyFyodorDostoyevsky.InspiredbytheworksofGogol,Pushkin,andKaramzin,aswellasEnglishandFrenchauthors,PoorFolkiswrittenintheformoflettersbetweenthetwomaincharacters,MakarDevushkinandVarvaraDobroselova,whoarepoorsecondcousins.Thenovelshowcasesthelifeofpoorpeople,theirrelationshipwithrichpeople,andpovertyingeneral,allcommonthemesofliterarynaturalism.AdeepbutoddfriendshipdevelopsbetweenthemuntilDobroselovalosesherinterestinliterature,andlaterincommunicatingwithDevushkinafterarichwidowerMr.Bykovproposestoher.Devushkin,aprototypeoftheclerkfoundinmanyworksofnaturalisticliteratureatthattime,retainshissentimentalcharacteristics;Dobroselovaabandonsart,whileDevushkincannotlivewithoutliterature.ContemporarycriticslaudedPoorFolkforitshumanitarianthemes.WhileVissarionBelinskydubbedthenovelRussia'sfirst"socialnovel"andAlexanderHerzencalleditamajorsocialistwork,othercriticsdetectedparodyandsatire.

NotesfromUnderground(alsotranslatedinEnglishasNotesfromtheUndergroundorLettersfromtheUnderworldwhileNotesfromUndergroundisthemostliteraltranslation)isashortnovelbyFyodorDostoevsky,whoisaRussiannovelist,shortstorywriter,essayist,journalistandphilosopher,publishedin1864.Itisconsideredbymanytobetheworld'sfirstexistentialistnovel.Itpresentsitselfasanexcerptfromtheramblingmemoirsofabitter,isolated,unnamednarrator(generallyreferredtobycriticsastheUndergroundMan)whoisaretiredcivilservantlivinginSt.Petersburg.Thenovelincludestwoparts:Thefirstpartofthestoryistoldinmonologueform,ortheundergroundman'sdiary,andattacksemergingWesternphilosophy,especiallyNikolayChernyshevsky'sWhatIstoBeDone?

TheIdiotisanovelbythe19th-centuryRussianauthorFyodorDostoevsky.ItwasfirstpublishedseriallyinthejournalTheRussianMessengerin1868–9.Thetitleisanironicreferencetotheheroofthenovel,Prince(Knyaz)LevNikolayevichMyshkin,ayoungmanwhosegoodness,open-heartedsimplicityandguilelessnessleadmanyofthemoreworldlycharactersheencounterstomistakenlyassumethathelacksintelligenceandinsight.Inthenovel,DostoevskydepictsPrinceMyshkinas"thepositivelygoodandbeautifulman."Howerver,returningtoRussiafromasanitariuminSwitzerland,theChrist-likeepilepticPrinceMyshkinfindshimselfenmeshedinatangleoflove,tornbetweentwowomen—thenotoriouskeptwomanNastasyaandthepureAglaia—bothinvolved,inturn,withthecorrupt,money-hungryGanya.Intheend,Myshkin'shonesty,goodness,andintegrityareshowntobeunequaltothemoralemptinessofthosearoundhim.Thenovelexaminestheconsequencesofplacingsuchauniqueindividualatthecentreoftheconflicts,desires,passionsandegoismofworldlysociety.

TheIdiotisanovelbythe19th-centuryRussianauthorFyodorDostoevsky.ItwasfirstpublishedseriallyinthejournalTheRussianMessengerin1868–1869.Thetitleisanironicreferencetothecentralcharacterofthenovel,PrinceLevNikolayevichMyshkin,ayoungmanfilledwithgoodness,open-heartedsimplicityandguilelessness,butmanyofthemoreworldlycharactersheencountersassumethathelacksintelligenceandinsight.InthecharacterofPrinceMyshkin,Dostoevskysethimselfthetaskofdepicting"thepositivelygoodandbeautifulman."Howerver,returningtoRussiafromasanitariuminSwitzerland,theChrist-likeepilepticPrinceMyshkinfindshimselfenmeshedinatangleoflove,tornbetweentwowomen—thenotoriouskeptwomanNastasyaandthepureAglaia—bothinvolved,inturn,withthecorrupt,money-hungryGanya.Intheend,Myshkin'shonesty,goodness,andintegrityareshowntobeunequaltothemoralemptinessofthosearoundhim.Thenovelexaminestheconsequencesofplacingsuchauniqueindividualatthecentreoftheconflicts,desires,passionsandegoismofworldlysociety.

TheIdiotisanovelbythe19th-centuryRussianauthorFyodorDostoevsky.ItwasfirstpublishedseriallyinthejournalTheRussianMessengerin1868–9.Thetitleisanironicreferencetotheleadingcharacterinthenovel,Prince(Knyaz)LevNikolayevichMyshkin,ayoungmanwhoisfullofgoodness,open-heartedsimplicityandguilelessness.InthecharacterofPrinceMyshkin,Dostoevskysethimselfthetaskofdepicting"thepositivelygoodandbeautifulman."Howerver,returningtoRussiafromasanitariuminSwitzerland,theChrist-likeepilepticPrinceMyshkinfindshimselfenmeshedinatangleoflove,tornbetweentwowomen—thenotoriouskeptwomanNastasyaandthepureAglaia—bothinvolved,inturn,withthecorrupt,money-hungryGanya.Intheend,Myshkin'shonesty,goodness,andintegrityareshowntobeunequaltothemoralemptinessofthosearoundhim.Thenovelexaminestheconsequencesofplacingsuchauniqueindividualatthecentreoftheconflicts,desires,passionsandegoismofworldlysociety,bothforthemanhimselfandforthosewithwhomhebecomesinvolved.

TheIdiotisanovelbythe19th-centuryRussianauthorFyodorDostoevsky.Thetitleisanironicreferencetotheleadingcharacterinthenovel,Prince(Knyaz)LevNikolayevichMyshkin,ayoungmanwhoisfullofgoodness,open-heartedsimplicityandguilelessness.InthecharacterofPrinceMyshkin,Dostoevskysethimselfthetaskofdepicting"thepositivelygoodandbeautifulman."Howerver,returningtoRussiafromasanitariuminSwitzerland,theChrist-likeepilepticPrinceMyshkinfindshimselfenmeshedinatangleoflove,tornbetweentwowomen—thenotoriouskeptwomanNastasyaandthepureAglaia—bothinvolved,inturn,withthecorrupt,money-hungryGanya.Intheend,Myshkin'shonesty,goodness,andintegrityareshowntobeunequaltothemoralemptinessofthosearoundhim.Thenovelexaminestheconsequencesofplacingsuchauniqueindividualatthecentreoftheconflicts,desires,passionsandegoismofworldlysociety,bothforthemanhimselfandforthosewithwhomhebecomesinvolved.

Apoorstudent,killsapawnbrokerandhersister,andthenhastofaceuptothemoralconsequencesofhisactions.Thenoveliscompellingandrewarding,fullofmeaningandsymbolism,andraisesprofoundquestionsabouttheindividualandsociety,andthenatureoffreewill.murdersamanonlytofacetheconsequencesnotonlyfromsocietybutfromhisconscience,inthisseminalstoryofjustice,morality,andredemptionfromoneofRussia'sgreatestnovelists.Sobeginsoneofthegreatestnovelseverwritten.Thenoveliscompellingandrewarding,fullofmeaningandsymbolism,andraisesprofoundquestionsabouttheindividualandsociety,andthenatureoffreewill.

NotesFromTheUndergroundisashortnovelbyFyodorDostoevsky,publishedin1864.Itisconsideredbymanytobeoneoftheworld'sfirstexistentialistnovels.Itpresentsitselfasanexcerptfromtheramblingmemoirsofabitter,isolated,unnamednarrator(generallyreferredtobycriticsastheUndergroundMan)whoisaretiredcivilservantlivinginSt.Petersburg.Thenovelincludestwoparts:Part1"Underground"andPart2"AproposoftheWetSnow".Thefirstpartofthestoryistoldinmonologueform,ortheundergroundman'sdiary,andattacksemergingWesternphilosophy,thesecondpartofthebookiscalled"AproposoftheWetSnow"anddescribescertaineventsthatappeartobedestroyingandsometimesrenewingtheundergroundman,whoactsasafirstperson,unreliablenarratorandanti-hero.ThenarrationbytheUndergroundManisladenwithideologicalallusionsandcomplexconversationsregardingthepoliticalclimateofthetimeperiod.

TheDoubleisanovellawrittenbyFyodorDostoevsky.ItwasfirstpublishedonJanuary30,1846intheFatherlandNotes.ItwassubsequentlyrevisedandrepublishedbyDostoevskyin1866.TheDoublecentersonagovernmentclerkwhogoesmad.Itdealswiththeinternalpsychologicalstruggleofitsmaincharacter,YakovPetrovichGolyadkin,whorepeatedlyencounterssomeonewhoishisexactdoubleinappearancebutconfident,aggressive,andextroverted,characteristicsthatarethepolaroppositestothoseofthetoadying"pushover"protagonist.Themotifofthenovellaisadoppelg?nger(dvoynik).Golyadkinisatitularcouncillor.Thisisrank9intheTableofRanksestablishedbyPetertheGreat.Asrankeightledtohereditarynobility,[3]beingatitularcouncillorissymbolicofalow-levelbureaucratstillstrugglingtosucceed.GolyadkinhasaformativediscussionwithhisDoctorRutenspitz,whofearsforhissanityandtellshimthathisbehaviorisdangerouslyantisocial.Heprescribes"cheerfulcompany"astheremedy.Golyadkinresolvestotrythis,andleavestheoffice.HeproceedstoabirthdaypartyforKlaraOlsufyevna,thedaughterofhisofficemanager.Hewasuninvited,andaseriesoffauxpasleadtohisexpulsionfromtheparty.Onhiswayhomethroughasnowstorm,heencountershisdouble,wholooksexactlylikehim.Thefollowingtwothirdsofthenovelthendealswiththeirevolvingrelationship.Atfirst,GolyadkinSr.(theoriginalmaincharacter)andGolyadkinJr.(hisdouble)arefriends,butGolyadkinJr.proceedstoattempttotakeoverSr.'slife,andtheybecomebitterenemies.BecauseGolyadkinJr.hasallthecharm,unctuousnessandsocialskillsthatGolyadkinSr.lacks,heisverywell-likedamongtheofficecolleagues.Atthestory'sconclusion,GolyadkinSr.beginstoseemanyreplicasofhimself,hasapsychoticbreak,andisdraggedofftoanasylumbyDoctorRutenspitz.

Thepoverty-strickenRaskolnikov,believingheisexemptfrommorallaw,murdersamanonlytofacetheconsequencesnotonlyfromsocietybutfromhisconscience,inthisseminalstoryofjustice,morality,andredemptionfromoneofRussia'sgreatestnovelists.Thenoveliscompellingandrewarding,fullofmeaningandsymbolism,andraisesprofoundquestionsabouttheindividualandsociety,andthenatureoffreewill.